Solar panels (Present perfect tense)

Jennifer

Grammar — Intermediate Level
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Complete each sentence choosing the correct option


The term solar panel is used colloquially for a photo-voltaic (PV) module. A PV module is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a frame work for installation. Photo-voltaic cells use sunlight as a source of energy and generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV Panel, and a system of Panels is an Array. Arrays of a photovoltaic system supply solar electricity to electrical equipment. The most common application of solar energy collection outside agriculture is solar water heating systems.

Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Most modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can be either the top layer or the back layer. Cells must be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are rigid, but semi-flexible ones based on thin-film cells are also available. The cells are connected electrically in series, one to another to a desired voltage, and then in parallel to increase amperage.

Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions . Power typically ranges from 100 to 365 Watts (W). The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 W module. Some commercially available solar modules exceed 24% efficiency.
Source: Wikipedia
  1. Photo-voltaic cells   sunlight as a source of energy and generate direct current electricity.

  2. The Sun   electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

  3. Arrays of a photovoltaic system   solar electricity to electrical equipment.

  4. The DC output power   each module.

  5. Power typically   from 100 to 365 Watts .

Discussion

Practice your writing skills by discussing the questions below

  1. What is a solar panel?

  2. How is it powered?

  3. What does DC mean?

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